Small, rough, circular spots on the soles of the feet are often nicknamed “fish eyes” because of their distinctive appearance. However, these spots may not be ordinary calluses. In many cases, they are plantar warts caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus enters the skin through tiny cuts or breaks, leading to thickened patches that can become uncomfortable when walking or standing.
One common misconception is that plantar warts have roots that grow deep into the foot. In reality, they do not have roots. Their appearance can be influenced by pressure from body weight, which pushes the affected tissue inward. Some warts also contain tiny black dots, which are small blood vessels that have clotted. These dots are not seeds or roots, but they can be a useful clue when identifying a possible wart.
Plantar warts and calluses can look similar, making them difficult to distinguish without an examination. Calluses typically develop from repeated friction or pressure, while plantar warts may interrupt the natural lines of the skin and contain small black dots. Warts can also be painful when squeezed from the sides. The virus may spread through contaminated surfaces, particularly in warm, damp environments such as public showers, swimming pool areas, and gym changing rooms.
Although plantar warts are usually harmless, they can cause discomfort and sometimes persist for months or even years. Some disappear on their own as the immune system fights the infection, while others benefit from treatment. Over-the-counter salicylic acid products and professional freezing treatments, known as cryotherapy, are common options. The appropriate treatment depends on the person’s circumstances and the location of the wart.
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To reduce the risk of infection, wear sandals in public showers, keep your feet clean and dry, avoid sharing towels or footwear, and resist the temptation to pick or cut suspicious spots. If a growth becomes painful, bleeds, spreads, or is difficult to identify, consult a healthcare professional. People with diabetes, poor circulation, or reduced sensation in their feet should seek medical advice before trying any home treatment. Recognizing the difference between a wart and a callus can help you choose the safest next step.
